Countries
🇮🇶 Iraq
Baghdad · IQD
OPEC's second-largest crude oil producer in 2024 (OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin 2025), with an economy and budget overwhelmingly dependent on oil revenue, a very large public payroll and a private sector that remains small relative to the population.
Verified · updated 4 Nov 2026
Key indicators
$254.37 bn
GDP (nominal)
World Bank, World Development Indicators·2025·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026·About this indicator
$5,409.7
GDP per capita (nominal)
World Bank, World Development Indicators·2025·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026·About this indicator
-2.2%
Real GDP growth
World Bank, World Development Indicators·2025·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026·About this indicator
3.3%
Inflation, CPI (monthly, year on year)
Commission of Statistics and GIS, Iraq (formerly COSIT)·Jul 2026·source dated 31 Aug 2026·updated 5 Oct 2026·About this indicator
IQD 53,990.84 bn
Real GDP (quarterly, constant prices)
Commission of Statistics and GIS, Iraq (formerly COSIT)·Q4 2025 (preliminary)·source dated 31 Mar 2026·updated 5 Oct 2026·About this indicator
IQD 39,095,544,424,400
Government revenue (year to date)
Ministry of Finance, Iraq·Jan–Jul 2026·source dated 4 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026·About this indicator
IQD 68,262,237,098,959
Government expenditure, actual (year to date)
Ministry of Finance, Iraq·Jan–Jul 2026·source dated 4 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026·About this indicator
0.3%
Inflation (CPI)
World Bank, World Development Indicators·2025·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026·About this indicator
47.02 mn
Population
World Bank, World Development Indicators·2025·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026·About this indicator
$-7.62 bn
FDI net inflows
International Monetary Fund·2025·source dated 30 Sep 2026·updated 4 Oct 2026·About this indicator
$83.07 bn
Foreign exchange reserves
International Monetary Fund·Aug 2026·source dated 27 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026·About this indicator
-6.2%
Fiscal balance, central government (% of GDP)
IMF — World Economic Outlook, October 2026 (published 13 Oct 2026), DataMapper·2025·source dated 13 Oct 2026·updated 30 Oct 2026·About this indicator
52.8%
Public debt (% of GDP)
IMF — World Economic Outlook, October 2026 (published 13 Oct 2026), DataMapper·2025·source dated 13 Oct 2026·updated 30 Oct 2026·About this indicator
6 score (0-21 scale)
Sovereign credit rating (S&P-equivalent score)
S&P Global Ratings·12 Jun 2026·source dated 12 Jun 2026·updated 25 Oct 2026·About this indicator
Oil and gas
140.00 bn bbl
Proven crude oil reserves
OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2025·source dated 29 Apr 2026·updated 25 Oct 2026·About this indicator
3.77 mb/d
Crude oil production
OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2025·source dated 29 Apr 2026·updated 4 Nov 2026·About this indicator
2.37702 mb/d
Crude oil exports (monthly)
State Organization for Marketing of Oil (SOMO), Iraq·Aug 2026·source dated 6 Sep 2026·updated 5 Oct 2026·About this indicator
4.87 mb/d
Crude oil production capacity
International Energy Agency (IEA)·Aug 2026·source dated 11 Sep 2026·updated 4 Oct 2026·About this indicator
3.26 mb/d
Crude oil exports
OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2025·source dated 29 Apr 2026·updated 4 Nov 2026·About this indicator
1.27 mb/d
Refining capacity
OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2024·source dated 2 Jul 2025·updated 4 Oct 2026·About this indicator
3,610 bcm
Proven natural gas reserves
OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2025·source dated 29 Apr 2026·updated 25 Oct 2026·About this indicator
11.52 bcm
Marketed natural gas production
OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2025·source dated 29 Apr 2026·updated 25 Oct 2026·About this indicator
Labour snapshot
15.5%
Unemployment rate (total)
World Bank, World Development Indicators·2025(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026·About this indicator
16%
Unemployment rate (nationals)
Commission of Statistics and GIS, Iraq (formerly COSIT)·2021·source dated 5 Jul 2022·updated 4 Oct 2026·About this indicator
41.5%
Labour force participation (total)
World Bank, World Development Indicators·2025(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026·About this indicator
Nationalisation programme
Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs
Iraq has no nationalisation quota programme comparable to the Gulf states; employment policy centres on public-sector hiring and periodic appointment drives, with the expatriate workforce small by regional standards.
Official source ↗Major companies
- Asiacell · Telecoms
- Bank of Baghdad · Banking
- Basrah Oil Company · Oil & gas (upstream)
- Dhi Qar Oil Company · Oil & gas (upstream)
- General Company for Communications and Informatics · Telecoms
- Iraqi Airways · Aviation
- Iraqi Drilling Company · Oilfield services (drilling)
- Mansour Bank for Investment · Banking
- Midland Oil Company · Oil & gas (upstream)
- National Bank of Iraq · Banking
- North Oil Company · Oil & gas (upstream)
- Rafidain Bank · Banking
- South Gas Company · Gas processing
- State Organization for Marketing of Oil (SOMO) · Oil & gas
- Zain Iraq · Telecoms
Major projects
- Gas Growth Integrated Project (GGIP) · Oil and gas
- Grand Faw Port · Ports
- Development Road · Transport
All verified values
| Key indicators | Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| GDP (nominal) | 2025 | $254.37 bn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2025·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Proven crude oil reserves | 2025 | 140.00 bn bbl | OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2025·source dated 29 Apr 2026·updated 25 Oct 2026 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2024 | $279.64 bn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2024·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Proven crude oil reserves | 2024 | 145.02 bn bbl | OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2024·source dated 2 Jul 2025·updated 4 Oct 2026 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2023 | $268.88 bn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2023·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Proven crude oil reserves | 2023 | 145.02 bn bbl | OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2023·source dated 2 Jul 2025·updated 4 Oct 2026 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2022 | $287.37 bn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2022·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2021 | $209.69 bn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2021·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2020 | $180.90 bn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2020·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2019 | $233.64 bn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2019·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2018 | $227.37 bn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2018·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2017 | $187.22 bn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2017·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2016 | $166.74 bn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2016·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2015 | $166.77 bn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2015·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| GDP per capita (nominal) | 2025 | $5,409.7 | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2025·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| GDP per capita (nominal) | 2024 | $6,073.6 | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2024·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| GDP per capita (nominal) | 2023 | $5,965.3 | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2023·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| GDP per capita (nominal) | 2022 | $6,520.7 | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2022·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| GDP per capita (nominal) | 2021 | $4,868.5 | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2021·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| GDP per capita (nominal) | 2020 | $4,295.2 | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2020·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| GDP per capita (nominal) | 2019 | $5,671.9 | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2019·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| GDP per capita (nominal) | 2018 | $5,646.7 | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2018·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| GDP per capita (nominal) | 2017 | $4,759.3 | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2017·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| GDP per capita (nominal) | 2016 | $4,334.4 | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2016·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| GDP per capita (nominal) | 2015 | $4,440.1 | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2015·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Real GDP growth | 2025 | -2.2% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2025·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Crude oil production | 2025 | 3.77 mb/d | OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2025·source dated 29 Apr 2026·updated 4 Nov 2026 |
| Crude oil production | 2024 | 3.86 mb/d | OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2024·source dated 2 Jul 2025·updated 4 Nov 2026 |
| Real GDP growth | 2024 | -1.5% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2024·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Crude oil production | 2023 | 4.12 mb/d | OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2023·source dated 2 Jul 2025·updated 4 Nov 2026 |
| Real GDP growth | 2023 | 0.5% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2023·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Real GDP growth | 2022 | 8.0% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2022·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Real GDP growth | 2021 | 1.5% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2021·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Real GDP growth | 2020 | -12.0% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2020·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Real GDP growth | 2019 | 5.5% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2019·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Real GDP growth | 2018 | 2.6% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2018·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Real GDP growth | 2017 | -1.8% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2017·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Real GDP growth | 2016 | 13.8% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2016·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Real GDP growth | 2015 | 2.6% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2015·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (monthly, year on year) | Jul 2026 | 3.3% | Commission of Statistics and GIS, Iraq (formerly COSIT)·Jul 2026·source dated 31 Aug 2026·updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (monthly, year on year) | Jun 2026 | 3.1% | Commission of Statistics and GIS, Iraq (formerly COSIT)·Jun 2026·source dated 30 Jun 2026·updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Inflation, CPI (monthly, year on year) | May 2026 | 3.0% | Commission of Statistics and GIS, Iraq (formerly COSIT)·May 2026·source dated 30 Jun 2026·updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Real GDP (quarterly, constant prices) | Q4 2025 (preliminary) | IQD 53,990.84 bn | Commission of Statistics and GIS, Iraq (formerly COSIT)·Q4 2025 (preliminary)·source dated 31 Mar 2026·updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Real GDP (quarterly, constant prices) | Q3 2025 (preliminary) | IQD 51,989.70 bn | Commission of Statistics and GIS, Iraq (formerly COSIT)·Q3 2025 (preliminary)·source dated 31 Mar 2026·updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Crude oil exports (monthly) | Aug 2026 | 2.37702 mb/d | State Organization for Marketing of Oil (SOMO), Iraq·Aug 2026·source dated 6 Sep 2026·updated 5 Oct 2026 |
| Crude oil production capacity | Aug 2026 | 4.87 mb/d | International Energy Agency (IEA)·Aug 2026·source dated 11 Sep 2026·updated 4 Oct 2026 |
| Government revenue (year to date) | Jan–Jul 2026 | IQD 39,095,544,424,400 | Ministry of Finance, Iraq·Jan–Jul 2026·source dated 4 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Government expenditure, actual (year to date) | Jan–Jul 2026 | IQD 68,262,237,098,959 | Ministry of Finance, Iraq·Jan–Jul 2026·source dated 4 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Inflation (CPI) | 2025 | 0.3% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2025·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Crude oil exports | 2025 | 3.26 mb/d | OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2025·source dated 29 Apr 2026·updated 4 Nov 2026 |
| Inflation (CPI) | 2024 | 2.6% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2024·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Crude oil exports | 2024 | 3.36 mb/d | OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2024·source dated 2 Jul 2025·updated 4 Nov 2026 |
| Crude oil exports | 2023 | 3.47 mb/d | OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2023·source dated 2 Jul 2025·updated 4 Nov 2026 |
| Inflation (CPI) | 2023 | 4.4% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2023·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Inflation (CPI) | 2022 | 5.0% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2022·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Inflation (CPI) | 2021 | 6.0% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2021·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Inflation (CPI) | 2020 | 0.6% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2020·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Inflation (CPI) | 2019 | -0.2% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2019·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Inflation (CPI) | 2018 | 0.4% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2018·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Inflation (CPI) | 2017 | 0.2% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2017·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Inflation (CPI) | 2016 | 0.6% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2016·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Inflation (CPI) | 2015 | 1.4% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2015·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Population | 2025 | 47.02 mn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2025·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Refining capacity | 2024 | 1.27 mb/d | OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2024·source dated 2 Jul 2025·updated 4 Oct 2026 |
| Population | 2024 | 46.04 mn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2024·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Refining capacity | 2023 | 1.27 mb/d | OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2023·source dated 2 Jul 2025·updated 4 Oct 2026 |
| Population | 2023 | 45.07 mn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2023·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Population | 2022 | 44.07 mn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2022·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Population | 2021 | 43.07 mn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2021·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Population | 2020 | 42.12 mn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2020·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Population | 2019 | 41.19 mn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2019·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Population | 2018 | 40.27 mn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2018·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Population | 2017 | 39.34 mn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2017·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Population | 2016 | 38.47 mn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2016·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Population | 2015 | 37.56 mn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2015·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Unemployment rate (total) | 2025 (estimate) | 15.5% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2025(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Proven natural gas reserves | 2025 | 3,610 bcm | OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2025·source dated 29 Apr 2026·updated 25 Oct 2026 |
| Unemployment rate (total) | 2024 (estimate) | 15.3% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2024(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Proven natural gas reserves | 2024 | 3,714 bcm | OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2024·source dated 2 Jul 2025·updated 4 Oct 2026 |
| Proven natural gas reserves | 2023 | 3,714 bcm | OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2023·source dated 2 Jul 2025·updated 4 Oct 2026 |
| Unemployment rate (total) | 2023 (estimate) | 15.2% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2023(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Unemployment rate (total) | 2022 (estimate) | 15.4% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2022(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Unemployment rate (total) | 2021 (estimate) | 16.2% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2021(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Unemployment rate (total) | 2020 (estimate) | 15.8% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2020(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Unemployment rate (total) | 2019 (estimate) | 14.1% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2019(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Unemployment rate (total) | 2018 (estimate) | 13.5% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2018(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Unemployment rate (total) | 2017 (estimate) | 13.0% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2017(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Unemployment rate (total) | 2016 (estimate) | 10.8% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2016(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Unemployment rate (total) | 2015 (estimate) | 10.9% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2015(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Unemployment rate (nationals) | 2021 | 16% | Commission of Statistics and GIS, Iraq (formerly COSIT)·2021·source dated 5 Jul 2022·updated 4 Oct 2026 |
| Labour force participation (total) | 2025 (estimate) | 41.5% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2025(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Marketed natural gas production | 2025 | 11.52 bcm | OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2025·source dated 29 Apr 2026·updated 25 Oct 2026 |
| Labour force participation (total) | 2024 (estimate) | 41.6% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2024(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Marketed natural gas production | 2024 | 11.07 bcm | OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2024·source dated 2 Jul 2025·updated 24 Oct 2026 |
| Labour force participation (total) | 2023 (estimate) | 41.6% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2023(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Marketed natural gas production | 2023 | 10.96 bcm | OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin·2023·source dated 2 Jul 2025·updated 24 Oct 2026 |
| Labour force participation (total) | 2022 (estimate) | 41.5% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2022(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Labour force participation (total) | 2021 (estimate) | 39.7% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2021(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Labour force participation (total) | 2020 (estimate) | 40.3% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2020(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Labour force participation (total) | 2019 (estimate) | 40.5% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2019(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Labour force participation (total) | 2018 (estimate) | 41.2% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2018(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Labour force participation (total) | 2017 (estimate) | 41.9% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2017(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Labour force participation (total) | 2016 (estimate) | 43.1% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2016(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Labour force participation (total) | 2015 (estimate) | 43.0% | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2015(estimate)·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| FDI net inflows | 2025 | $-7.62 bn | International Monetary Fund·2025·source dated 30 Sep 2026·updated 4 Oct 2026 |
| FDI net inflows | 2024 | $-7.65 bn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2024·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| FDI net inflows | 2023 | $-5.36 bn | World Bank, World Development Indicators·2023·source dated 8 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Foreign exchange reserves | Aug 2026 | $83.07 bn | International Monetary Fund·Aug 2026·source dated 27 Oct 2026·updated 27 Oct 2026 |
| Foreign exchange reserves | Jul 2026 | $85.40 bn | International Monetary Fund·Jul 2026·source dated 31 Oct 2026·updated 3 Nov 2026 |
| Foreign exchange reserves | Jun 2026 | $87.10 bn | International Monetary Fund·Jun 2026·source dated 1 Oct 2026·updated 4 Oct 2026 |
| Foreign exchange reserves | end-2025 | $98.45 bn | International Monetary Fund·end-2025·source dated 1 Oct 2026·updated 4 Oct 2026 |
| Foreign exchange reserves | end-2024 | $100.69 bn | International Monetary Fund·end-2024·source dated 1 Oct 2026·updated 4 Oct 2026 |
| Fiscal balance, central government (% of GDP) | 2025 | -6.2% | IMF — World Economic Outlook, October 2026 (published 13 Oct 2026), DataMapper·2025·source dated 13 Oct 2026·updated 30 Oct 2026 |
| Fiscal balance, central government (% of GDP) | 2024 (actual) | -3.5% | IMF — World Economic Outlook, October 2026 (published 13 Oct 2026), DataMapper·2024 (actual)·source dated 13 Oct 2026·updated 30 Oct 2026 |
| Fiscal balance, central government (% of GDP) | 2023 | -1.1% | IMF — World Economic Outlook, October 2026 (published 13 Oct 2026), DataMapper·2023·source dated 13 Oct 2026·updated 30 Oct 2026 |
| Public debt (% of GDP) | 2025 | 52.8% | IMF — World Economic Outlook, October 2026 (published 13 Oct 2026), DataMapper·2025·source dated 13 Oct 2026·updated 30 Oct 2026 |
| Public debt (% of GDP) | 2024 (actual) | 45.7% | IMF — World Economic Outlook, October 2026 (published 13 Oct 2026), DataMapper·2024 (actual)·source dated 13 Oct 2026·updated 30 Oct 2026 |
| Public debt (% of GDP) | 2023 | 42.1% | IMF — World Economic Outlook, October 2026 (published 13 Oct 2026), DataMapper·2023·source dated 13 Oct 2026·updated 30 Oct 2026 |
| Sovereign credit rating (S&P-equivalent score) | 12 Jun 2026 | 6 score (0-21 scale) | S&P Global Ratings·12 Jun 2026·source dated 12 Jun 2026·updated 25 Oct 2026 |
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Sources
- World Bank, World Development Indicators · data.worldbank.org
- OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin · publications.opec.org
- Commission of Statistics and GIS, Iraq (formerly COSIT) · cosit.gov.iq
- State Organization for Marketing of Oil (SOMO), Iraq · somooil.gov.iq
- International Energy Agency (IEA) · iea.org
- Ministry of Finance, Iraq · mof.gov.iq
- International Monetary Fund · api.imf.org
- IMF — World Economic Outlook, October 2026 (published 13 Oct 2026), DataMapper · imf.org
- S&P Global Ratings · spglobal.com